Development Of Rural Electrification Research Articles

The effect of mini‐grid rural electrification on urbanization: Evidence from the pilot mini‐grid systems in Ghana

AbstractMini‐grid electrification constitutes an increasingly important solution to universal access to energy, notably in off‐grid rural Africa. Rural electrification has important implications for mitigating the immigration trends of the rural population toward urban regions. In this study, we adopted a mediation model to investigate the direct and indirect effects of mini‐grid electrification on the urbanization process, and multivariate regression is employed as a robustness check. More specifically, with the support of a mini‐grid project in Ghana, we conducted a survey to assess the perception of the local population about the impact of rural electrification on healthcare, education, employment, and security and further examined the impact of these development outcomes on their willingness to immigrate to cities. The study's findings suggested that the development of rural electrification helped improve education, healthcare, security, and employment, significantly affecting urbanization. Our study concluded that increased electricity access through mini‐grids tends to reduce the urbanization trends in rural Ghana.

Organization of the rural electrification process in Ukraine during the Post-war period (second half of the 1940s – first half of the 1960s)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the characteristic features and peculiarities of the organization and implementation of rural electrification in Ukraine during the first post-war twenty years (1945-1965). The author considered the post-war Soviet government regulations on the development of rural electrification. The authorities envisioned the use of electricity primarily in production processes, betting on the use of renewable energy sources and/or local, cheap fuels. This process took place under the conditions of the administrative-command system, it was authorized and directed centrally, in a directive way at the highest state level. Three periods of implementation of this process are defined: - the second half of the 1940s – the beginning of post-war electrification in combination with the reconstruction of the most necessary production and infrastructure facilities; - the 1950s – active construction of autonomous power plants and creation of local power grids in rural areas; - the first half of the 1960s – complete electrification of villages with centralized connection to a single state power grid. The supply of equipment, installation, repair, supervision, and maintenance of rural power plants was carried out by the regional offices of the Republican Test (later the Main Directorate) of Rural Electrification ("Ukrsilelektro"/"Ukrgolovsilelektro"). However, its effectiveness remained quite low, and the quality of the work performed caused numerous complaints. Electrification cost considerable money, took place unevenly, and depended on many local conditions (the presence of nearby rivers, fuel deposits, industrial facilities, transport connections, etc.). The research is based on materials from the funds of the Central State Archives of Supreme Bodies of Power and Government of Ukraine and the Central State Archives of Public Associations and Ukrainians.

Forecasting the impact on the environment of generating sources in agricultural production

The development of rural electrification is aimed at distributed energy, i.e. availability of autonomous sources of electricity and heat generation. Generation sources can use coal, fuel oil, gas, local and alternative energy sources as fuel and energy resources. This causes additional emissions of pollutants. Prediction of negative impact on the environment depends on the quantity and quality of emissions during the operation of various types of installations that generate electric and thermal energy. The purpose of the study is to select and substantiate the most attractive method for predicting the impact on the environment of generating sources in agricultural production. The widespread introduction of distributed energy using local and renewable energy sources will significantly reduce emissions of pollutants due to a decrease in energy intensity, matching the required load with the capacity of generation sources, using the most energy efficient sources, and widespread introduction of renewable energy sources. In this regard, it is advisable to forecast the impacts by the scenario method considering the implementation of the proposed distributed power supply system. The implementation of measures developed considering the analysis of the forecast of the negative impact on the environment of generating plants in agricultural enterprises will reduce the negative impact on the environment by introducing energy-efficient technologies into the energy balance of the enterprise, as well as increase production by up to 20% and increase sustainability. rural areas.

Rural Electrification in Oyo State of Nigeria: Assessement of Existing 33kv Feeder Network Capacity

The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of the existing primary feeder network (33 kV) and to determine ways of reinforcing it in view of prospective full scale electrification and power demand of the rural areas of Oyo State. This work was done by using data of maximum power demand allocations to fully electrified areas of the State to compute expected range of power demand per capita, and applying normal mode simulations and solutions using iterative approximation and direct matrix algebra methods. The results show that the load per capita range, and potential load demand for the State are 0.011 kW to 0.094 kW and about 534 MW (huge compared to current 103.7 MW supply from the utility) respectively. The capacities of existing networks and the total injection substations’ capacity (225 MVA) are inadequate for meeting the potential demand of Oyo State, including the rural areas. Upgrading the voltage of the existing network to 132 kV will improve its distribution capacity significantly and solve overloading and voltage problems. Also, installation of more 132 kV substations is needed to relieve the existing fully loaded ones. Otherwise, a full scale rural electrification development in Oyo State, intending to feed from the national grid, will be impossible.

Rural Electrification in China: History and Institution

AbstractChina has been highly successful in electrifying rural areas in the past half century. Institutional structure and its reform are important for investment and, therefore, development of rural electrification. Over time, there have been three major institutional changes initiated by the central government; When the People's Republic was founded in 1949, it was short of capital, technology and management professionals to promote rural electrification, so rural electricity had a separate administrative system from the urban areas. From 1949 to 1977, China established a comprehensive vertical system of rural electricity administration under strict central planning. At the end of the 1970s, with the adoption of economic reform policy, the central government handed over the management of the local electricity system to local government. County level has proved the most effective implementation unit for both planning and project implementation of the rural electricity system. From 1998 to 2002, the central government has been separating local electricity supply from local governments to facilitate the commercial operation of the utility market. After 2002, the rural electricity system was merged with the urban system, forming an integrated national electricity administrative system in China.(Edited by Xiaoming Feng)

Electricity in agriculture

The subject is introduced by referring to the development of rural electrification since the early 1920s, and describes the British rural electrification programme 1953–63, which ensured that by the latter date 85% of farms in Great Britain had a public supply of electricity. After reviewing the state of farming today, and pointing out that the scale of operations is still increasing while the labour content is decreasing the review makes the point that the viability of farming in these circumstances is due to the intensification of livestock keeping and crop production, which has enabled the productivity of farms to be vastly increased. The characteristics of the electrical load on the farms are next described, and an estimate is made of the probable electricity consumptions and connected loads for various types of farming enterprise. Details are then given of the electrical equipment involved in the production of milk especially for milk cooling and for water heating to maintain hygiene. The various applications of electricity associated with pig, poultry and beef production are quantified, and especially in connection with pig and poultry production some indication is given of the principles involved in ventilation systems. The paper then describes the equipment required for the preparation of livestock feed and for automatic feeding of farm animals. Crops are next dealt with. First the conservation of green crops with an indication of the electrical potential for grass drying and hay drying, and a detailed description of the methods used for the latter. Types of grain drier and the storage facilities required, together with an indication of the development of these are given. The Section on crops is concluded by a description of methods of vegetable conditioning and storage, and particularly that required for potatoes and onions. After describing the need for observing safe conditions on the farm, both for electrical machinery and associated wiring as well as mobile equipment, the paper is concluded by suggesting possible future developments, based on current research work, which may become viable within the near future.

Special conference report: 1965 Rural electrification conference

The Ninth Annual Rural Electrification Conference of the IEEE was held at the St. Francis Hotel, San Francisco, California, on May 24–25, 1965. The conference was sponsored by the Rural Electric Committee of the IEEE Industry and General Applications Group with the effective cooperation of San Francisco and Sacramento Sections. Total registration was 126. Ten papers were presented covering overhead and underground lines, motors, motor overcurrent protection, sponsored research, some specific uses of electricity on the farm, and foreign developments in rural electrification. Three presentations were not accompanied by papers.

The development of rural electrification. A review of progress

The development of rural electrification. A review of progress

Development of Rural Electrification in England

Development of Rural Electrification in England

Discussion on “A review of recent developments in rural electrification” before the Western Centre, at Exeter, 22nd February, 1937

Discussion on “A review of recent developments in rural electrification” before the Western Centre, at Exeter, 22nd February, 1937

Discussion on “A review of recent developments in rural electrification” before the Scottish Centre, at Edinburgh, 10th December, 1935

Discussion on “A review of recent developments in rural electrification” before the Scottish Centre, at Edinburgh, 10th December, 1935

The authors' replies to the discussions on “Design data in rural distribution lines” and “A review of recent developments in rural electrification”

The authors' replies to the discussions on “Design data in rural distribution lines” and “A review of recent developments in rural electrification”

Discussion on the papers “Design data in rural distribution lines”, by Mr. Dean, and “A review of recent developments in rural electrification”, by Mr. Ross, respectively, before the Transmission Section, 15th May, 1935

Discussion on the papers “Design data in rural distribution lines”, by Mr. Dean, and “A review of recent developments in rural electrification”, by Mr. Ross, respectively, before the Transmission Section, 15th May, 1935

A review of recent developments in rural electrification

The purpose of this paper is to review the progress made in simplifying the design and reducing the cost of rural distribution equipment. Comparisons are made of 11 000-volt distribution lines using various types of conductors.The advantages of single-phase distribution are enumerated.The design of transformers and their capital and running costs are considered, and suggestions are made for standardization of sizes.Methods of obtaining cheap and reliable protection on the h. t. system by means of simple switchgear and fusegear are illustrated.Particulars and costs of various types of l. t. distribution mains and services are given.The difficulties encountered in some rural districts in obtaining adequate earths are recorded, and a strong recommendation is made that “all insulated” installations be adopted wherever practicable, and that in all other cases earth-leakage switches be employed.